Marseille's Balerdi was dropped from Argentina's 26-man squad on Saturday after suffering a right calf injury.
"Marcos Senesi joins the Argentina squad for the 2026 FIFA World Cup," the AFA posted on X.
The 29-year-old Senesi, who has made three international appearances, has joined Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur following the expiry of his contract with Bournemouth.
Senesi missed only one Premier League game, helping Bournemouth to secure European qualification for the first time after finishing sixth.
The defending champions open their Group J campaign against Algeria on Tuesday before facing Austria and Jordan.